The article examines how economic diversification can contribute to national security, with particular reference to Kazakhstan. The purpose is to identify the channels through which a concentrated production and export structure creates economic vulnerabilities and to develop a conceptual framework for their assessment. The study draws on the literature on resource dependence, structural transformation and economic complexity. Systemic, structural-functional, comparative and institutional approaches are used to bring these perspectives together. The analysis distinguishes sectoral, export, technological and regional diversification, together with the institutional conditions that support them. These dimensions link the composition of economic activity to fiscal stability, employment, technological capabilities and exposure to external shocks. For Kazakhstan, the discussion focuses on converting resource revenues into productive capabilities through manufacturing, processing, human capital, innovation and non-resource exports. The proposed framework organizes potential indicators for subsequent empirical assessment; it does not provide a calculated index or a quantitative estimate of the effect on national security. The policy implications concern the quality and competitiveness of new activities, cooperation between research and business, and alternative sources of regional employment. Diversification can strengthen economic resilience when supported by effective institutions and the development of productive knowledge.

economic diversification, national security, economic resilience, resource dependence, economic complexity, structural transformation, Kazakhstan.