This article examines the prospects of the oil sector in the Mangystau region within the context of the ongoing global energy transition. The relevance of the research is driven by the necessity to preserve the competitiveness of oil-dependent regions under conditions of increasing global reliance on renewable energy sources. The main objective of the study is to evaluate the capacity of the Mangystau oil and gas complex to adapt to changing energy paradigms and to determine its key strategic development priorities. The research is based on system analysis, comparative-historical approach, and economic-statistical methods. The findings indicate that the oil industry of Mangystau Oblast plays an important role in Kazakhstan’s GDP formation; however, it is increasingly affected by global decarbonization processes. At the same time, the study confirms that the operational lifespan of existing oil fields can be prolonged through the implementation of modern technological solutions. Energy diversification, hydrogen-based energy development, and digital transformation are identified as the main drivers for strengthening regional competitiveness. The study supports a gradual evolutionary development strategy that ensures the continuation of oil production alongside the parallel expansion of alternative energy sectors.

energy transition, Mangystau region, oil industry, decarbonization, renewable energy sources, hydrogen economy, diversification.